FrontPage | 12.19.12
By Alan W. Dowd
Last week’s edition of The Washington Post’s “Fine Print” column used the fiscal-cliff crisis and related debt debate to launch fresh
attacks on the Bush administration, specifically that “borrowing to pay
for the war helped lead to the current fiscal crisis.” The piece noted
that the debt-limit statute was “born out of the need to pay for
government spending from our entrance into World War I” and that “George
W. Bush’s White House didn’t consider such an issue when it launched
its war on terrorism…or undertook the more costly invasion of Iraq in
2003.” The piece went on to detail war-related tax increases under
Wilson, FDR, Truman and LBJ.
Although the piece has a point—shared contributions and shared
sacrifice in a time of war make political and fiscal sense—it misjudges
certain issues related to waging war and raising revenue, leaves out
some important items about America’s post-World War I finances and is
flat wrong on some specifics.
To be sure, Bush made mistakes in prosecuting the war. All wartime
presidents do. That includes Madison’s entry into, and prosecution of,
an arguably-unnecessary war with the British Empire in 1812; Lincoln’s
choice of commanders in the early phases of the Civil War; McKinley’s
occupation of the Philippines; Wilson’s foolish attempt to keep up the
pretense of being neutral while bankrolling the belligerents; FDR’s
naiveté with Tokyo before the war and with Moscow during the war; the
Truman administration’s disastrous “defense perimeter” green light
before the communists crossed the 38th Parallel and decision
to wage a “police action” after the communists came across; LBJ’s doomed
incrementalism in, and micromanagement of, Vietnam; Nixon’s pursuit not
of victory but of “peace with honor”; and the elder Bush’s decision to
cut short the ground war against Saddam Hussein.
For his part, the younger Bush made at least three war-related missteps:
First, by not asking for a full-fledged declaration of war against
nations that harbor or fund terrorist groups with a record of attacking
U.S. targets, he limited his freedom of action. Such a declaration would
have enfolded the major sources of global terrorism (e.g. Taliban
Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, Syria); put others that dealt in the terror
trade on notice (e.g. Libya, Pakistan, North Korea); and framed the war
very clearly as a campaign of campaigns against terrorists with a global
presence, rather than separate conflicts, each needing its own
justification.
Second, by not going heavy into Iraq, a postwar insurgency became
more likely. The rationale that a lighter footprint would be better
suited to a limited war focused on regime change may have made sense on
paper. But a force built to move fast proved insufficient for occupation
and reconstruction. Prewar assessments about the need for a large force
for postwar stabilization made good sense, were based on lessons
learned from the Gulf War and other post-Vietnam interventions, and
would have given theater commanders an array of tools to smother what
eventually became a bloody and costly postwar war.
Third, by not finding a funding mechanism for the war—whether special
war bonds or a special war tax—Bush exposed himself to political attack
and the country to fiscal dangers. Indeed, many observers worried at
the onset of hostilities about the prudence of waging war with a credit
card. In October 2001, for example, I noted,
quizzically, that “Uncle Sam doesn’t want us to conserve and save, but
to consume and spend. The president urges us to ‘visit Disney World and
America’s other vacation spots.’ An array of wartime tax cuts is in the
works to prime the pump of American consumerism…it seems there’s very
little the average American can do or sacrifice to help Uncle Sam ‘Beat
bin Laden’ or ‘Tame the Taliban,’ to borrow the lingo of WWII.”
All that said, Bush deserves credit for recognizing something that so
many people, even more than a decade later, fail to grasp, namely, that
9/11 altered the very DNA of American national-security strategy.
Accordingly, his post-9/11 policies put America on the offensive and the
enemy on its heels, shifted the battle-front back to foreign shores,
and protected our country from follow-on attacks.
The operative phrase in that last sentence is “our country.” The
“Fine Print” column’s comment about “George W. Bush’s White House” and “its war on terrorism” reflects a sad and cynical view we’ve become
accustomed to in the past decade. In truth, this wasn’t Bush’s war—just
as Yemen and Pakistan aren’t Obama’s war, Vietnam wasn’t LBJ’s, and
Korea wasn’t Truman’s. These are America’s wars. America was attacked on
9/11. And the war that ensued was then—and remains now—America’s to
wage.
As to places where the “Fine Print” column is deliberately vague or
flat-out wrong: First, it fails to a note that although Wilson may have
tried to pay for the Great War with taxes and bonds, the war still left
behind a fiscal mess. Upon entering office, President Harding lamented
the war’s “delirium of expenditure” and “unspeakable waste.” In other
words, wars are always costly, destructive and wasteful. The costliness
of war is one reason why it is to be prevented, if at all possible. (The
best way to do that is through overwhelming deterrent
strength—something U.S. policymakers have forgotten in recent years. But
that’s a subject for another essay.) Rare is a conflict like the
Persian Gulf War, which was largely bankrolled by global funders.
That brings us to a second problem. The column suggests that George
H.W. Bush’s decision to raise taxes (which came in June 1990) was
somehow related to the need for revenue for Operation Desert Storm
(which began in January 1991).
And third, the column notes that the younger Bush was “supported by a
GOP-led House and Senate from 2001 through 2006.” In fact, the
Democrats controlled the Senate from mid-2001 until January 3, 2003. In
other words, all fiscal decisions during that period were, by
definition, bipartisan.
Speaking of fiscal decisions, the column’s implication that the
fiscal woes we face are due to the $1.3-trillion spent on wars in
Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, Yemen, Somalia and beyond ignores common
sense and simple arithmetic. If we had never gone to war after 9/11, we
would still have about $15 trillion in debt today—rather than about $16
trillion—thanks largely to unchecked entitlement spending, as well as an
$800-billion stimulus and a $1-trillion takeover of health care.
Just like the war, by the way, all of these items are being charged to the nation’s credit card.